Urology MCQs

Test your knowledge of Urology with these high-yield MCQs designed for the UKMLA (UK Medical Licensing Assessment). This quiz covers key topics, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract infections (UTIs), nephrolithiasis, testicular torsion, hematuria, and more. Each question comes with a detailed explanation to help you strengthen your understanding of urological conditions, diagnostics, and management.

🔹 Ideal for: UKMLA candidates, medical students, and healthcare professionals
🔹 Topics Covered: Urinary system disorders, investigations, and treatment guidelines
🔹 Difficulty Level: Moderate to Advanced

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UKMLA Practice Tests

Urology

1 / 40

A 30-year-old woman experiences frequent urination and a burning sensation during urination. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Diabetes mellitus

Vaginitis

Interstitial cystitis

Overactive bladder

Urinary tract infection

2 / 40

A 40-year-old male undergoes surgery for a large renal mass. Histology shows clear cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

D. Wilm's tumor

A. Oncocytoma

B. Renal cell carcinoma

E. Transitional cell carcinoma

C. Angiomyolipoma

3 / 40

A 30-year-old woman presents with sudden onset flank pain radiating to the groin. Which investigation is most appropriate to confirm renal stones?

E. IVU

D. Ultrasound

A. Abdominal X-ray

C. CT scan

B. MRI

4 / 40

A 60-year-old man with a history of smoking presents with painless hematuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Bladder cancer

C. Cystitis

E. Urethral stricture

B. Renal calculi

D. Prostatitis

5 / 40

A 36-year-old woman presents with urgency, frequency, and pelvic pain relieved by voiding. What is the most likely diagnosis?

C. Overactive bladder

B. Interstitial cystitis

D. Pelvic inflammatory disease

E. Endometriosis

A. Urinary tract infection

6 / 40

What is the primary treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women?

Pelvic floor exercises

Botox injections

Urethral sling surgery

Anticholinergic medication

Bladder training

8 / 40

A patient with kidney failure is being evaluated for dialysis. What is the most common form of dialysis used in the UK?

Peritoneal dialysis

Automated peritoneal dialysis

Continuous renal replacement therapy

Hemodialysis

Intermittent peritoneal dialysis

9 / 40

A man presents with sudden severe pain in the scrotum. Which condition should be ruled out urgently?

Hydrocele

Testicular torsion

Inguinal hernia

Epididymitis

Varicocele

10 / 40

A 15-year-old boy presents with a painless testicular mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Epididymitis

Hydrocele

Testicular tumor

Varicocele

Testicular torsion

11 / 40

A 70-year-old male presents with frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Urinalysis shows hematuria and no infection. What is the next step in management?

D. CT scan of abdomen

E. PSA testing

C. Ultrasound of kidneys

B. Cystoscopy

A. Antibiotics

12 / 40

A 58-year-old male presents with lower urinary tract symptoms and a PSA of 12 ng/mL. What is the next best step?

E. Start antibiotics

B. Cystoscopy

C. CT scan

D. Prostate biopsy

A. Repeat PSA in 6 months

13 / 40

A 50-year-old woman presents with stress incontinence. Which is the first-line treatment?

E. Pessary

C. Surgery

D. Botulinum toxin injections

A. Pelvic floor exercises

B. Anticholinergic medications

14 / 40

A patient presents with flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Kidney stone

Hydronephrosis

Renal infarction

Renal cell carcinoma

Polycystic kidney disease

15 / 40

A 45-year-old woman with recurrent UTIs is found to have a staghorn calculus on imaging. What organism is most likely responsible?

E. Enterococcus faecalis

D. Klebsiella pneumoniae

A. E. coli

C. Staphylococcus saprophyticus

B. Proteus mirabilis

16 / 40

What is the most common cause of urinary retention in men?

Bladder cancer

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Neurological disorders

Prostate cancer

Urethral stricture

17 / 40

A 60-year-old man presents with painless hematuria. Which is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

D. High blood pressure

A. Alcohol use

E. Family history

C. Obesity

B. Smoking

18 / 40

A 55-year-old male has a history of bladder catheterization. He now presents with fever and chills. What is the most likely complication?

C. Urinary tract infection

A. Bladder perforation

B. Urethral stricture

D. Urethritis

E. Hypokalemia

19 / 40

A 4-year-old boy presents with a swollen, tender scrotum and fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Testicular torsion

Epididymo-orchitis

Varicocele

Hydrocele

Inguinal hernia

20 / 40

A 70-year-old man has a PSA level of 8 ng/mL. What is the most appropriate next step?

MRI of the prostate

Repeat PSA in 3 months

Perform a prostate biopsy

Monitor and recheck annually

Start antibiotic therapy

21 / 40

A 70-year-old male presents with a palpable kidney mass. What is the most likely renal tumor in adults?

B. Renal cell carcinoma

C. Transitional cell carcinoma

D. Angiomyolipoma

E. Oncocytoma

A. Wilms tumor

22 / 40

A 32-year-old female presents with sudden onset hematuria. An ultrasound reveals a solid renal mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

E. Nephroblastoma

A. Renal cyst

D. Transitional cell carcinoma

C. Wilms tumor

B. Renal cell carcinoma

23 / 40

A 35-year-old man presents with scrotal swelling that transilluminates. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Epididymitis

Testicular tumor

Hydrocele

Varicocele

Testicular torsion

24 / 40

In patients with prostate cancer, which of the following treatments is primarily used to reduce tumor size and progression?

Cryotherapy

Radiotherapy

Surgical resection

Hormonal therapy

Chemotherapy

25 / 40

A 28-year-old male has painless hematuria. What should be the next step in management?

Refer to urology

Perform a urine culture

Start antibiotics

Order a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis

Advise increased fluid intake

27 / 40

A young male presents with a painless swelling in the scrotum. It transilluminates on examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?

C. Testicular torsion

D. Epididymitis

E. Inguinal hernia

A. Hydrocele

B. Varicocele

28 / 40

A 25-year-old female presents with dysuria and a fever. Urinalysis shows white blood cell casts. What is the most likely diagnosis?

E. Glomerulonephritis

D. Interstitial nephritis

B. Pyelonephritis

C. Urethritis

A. Cystitis

29 / 40

A 35-year-old male presents with scrotal swelling that increases with standing and decreases with lying down. What is the most likely diagnosis?

B. Varicocele

D. Epididymitis

C. Hydrocele

A. Inguinal hernia

E. Testicular torsion

30 / 40

What is the most appropriate investigation for a suspected renal colic?

Plain abdominal X-ray

Abdominal ultrasound

Urine dipstick

MRI of the abdomen

Non-contrast CT scan

31 / 40

Which of the following conditions is associated with the highest risk of progressing to renal failure?

Acute cystitis

Ureteral stones

Chronic pyelonephritis

Simple renal cysts

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

33 / 40

A patient presents with dysuria and a urethral discharge. What is the most likely causative organism?

Staphylococcus aureus

Proteus mirabilis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Escherichia coli

Chlamydia trachomatis

34 / 40

A 68-year-old man presents with a history of nocturia and a weak urine stream. What is the most likely diagnosis?

B. Overactive bladder

E. Bladder cancer

C. Prostatic hypertrophy

A. Urinary tract infection

D. Nephrolithiasis

35 / 40

A 40-year-old male with a history of chronic pelvic pain has a normal urinalysis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Chronic bacterial prostatitis

E. Urethritis

C. Acute bacterial prostatitis

D. Neurogenic bladder

B. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome

36 / 40

A 65-year-old man presents with nocturia and hesitancy. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Urethral stricture

Bladder cancer

Urinary tract infection

Prostate cancer

37 / 40

A 45-year-old male experiences painful urination and frequency. Urinalysis reveals nitrites and leukocytes. What is the most likely organism?

B. Escherichia coli

E. Proteus mirabilis

C. Staphylococcus aureus

A. Streptococcus pyogenes

D. Klebsiella pneumoniae

38 / 40

A 25-year-old male presents with testicular pain, swelling, and fever. What is the most likely cause?

A. Testicular torsion

C. Hydrocele

E. Varicocele

B. Epididymitis

D. Testicular cancer

39 / 40

A patient presents with recurrent urinary infections and a dilated renal pelvis on ultrasound. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Renal artery stenosis

Medullary sponge kidney

Polycystic kidney disease

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Renal cell carcinoma

40 / 40

A 29-year-old female with recurrent UTIs undergoes evaluation. Which test is most useful to identify vesicoureteral reflux?

C. Voiding cystourethrogram

B. Intravenous pyelogram

D. Renal ultrasound

A. CT scan

E. Cystoscopy

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Urology MCQs

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